EnglandFollowing the collapse of the Roman Empire there followed a period where the Romano-British political entity fragmented caused mainly by the Celtic system of dividing a realm between the sons of a king on his death. This situation was made worse after c.449 when Jutes and later Anglo-SaxonsCambria (Wales) or Caledonia (Scotland). Wales and Scotland will be considered separate from what once existed in England. began colonising the eastern and southern seaboards and driving inland. Eventually the Romano-Britons (now known to the Anglo-Saxons as "Welsh") were assimilated or driven into the highlands of Sub-Roman Brythonic kingdoms in England
Anglo-Saxon kingdoms in England
WalesSub-Roman and Medieval Brythonic kingdoms in Wales Wales experienced a similar history during this time, although the Welsh population successfully resisted the influx of Anglo-Saxon settlers into the British Isles. The country was home to a number of princedoms until England's ultimate conquest of the region in the later medieval period.
ScotlandSub-Roman Cumbric kingdoms in Scotland
Pictish kingdoms in Scotland
Gaelic kingdoms in Scotland
Other IrelandExtinct kingdoms in Ireland Ireland during the early medieval period consisted of some two hundred tuathas or minor kingdoms, which were in turn vassals of the rulers of an over-kingdom, called a cóiced (usually translated as a portion, a fifth, or a province). The most prominent of these kingdoms were
Between the 8th and 12th centuries, various Ard Rí attempted unsuccessfully to impose their rule over all the kingdoms in Ireland. Among those whose efforts almost made this a reality were Flann Sinna, reigned 877-916); Niall Glúndub mac Áedo (916-919); Brian Bóruma mac CennétigToirdhealbhach Ua Briain (1055-1086; and Toirdhealbhach Ua Conchobhair (1119-1156). The last of these kingdoms ceased to exist in the early 17th century. Further Irish kingdoms included: (1002-1014);
For further information see Irish kings. France
Low Countries
Germany
Spain and Portugal
Italy
Russia and Ukraine
Balkan States
Elsewhere
South Asia
China
The many Chinese states had an influence on surrounding regions; from the Song Dynasty period alone, this includes:
A number of now-extinct states formed under Chinese influence along the Silk Road in the Tarim Basin, including: KoreaThe early history of Korea was as complex as that of neighbouring China. A number of Korean states existed on the peninsula and reached up into Manchuria before the formation of the modern state of Korea. These included: Japan[edit] PhilippinesVietnamThe country of Vietnam in the past was very different to the modern day. The first Vietnamese kingdom occupied only present-day northern Vietnam. In the 10th century, Vietnam began to push to the south for the next 1000 years which was called Nam Tiến (southward expansion) in Vietnamese. It conquered other kingdoms and was split by civil war. All the kingdoms that united to form Vietnam are:
Cambodia/Laos/Thailand
[edit] BurmaMalaya/Indonesia
Pre-Columbian AmericaThe Americas have historically been home to a number of indigenous states, civilizations and societies of great complexity. Those indigenous states which were still in existence by the time of the first permanent European colonizations from the late fifteenth century onwards were soon substantively destroyed and/or absorbed. The list below includes both those which had ceased to exist before this European arrival, and those which ceased to independently function as a result of this impact.
In addition, there were a wide variety of pre-Inca cultures, few of which developed into organised states. Oceania
See List of Indigenous Australian group names [edit] Modern states[edit] States and territories grouped by geographical locationEurope
[edit] Asia
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